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Bourbon does not have to be made in Kentucky to be considered bourbon, although the state is widely associated with the spirit. In fact, bourbon can legally be produced anywhere in the United States. However, Kentucky remains the historical heart of bourbon production, with over 95% of the world’s supply being crafted there. The misconception that bourbon must come from Kentucky likely arises from the state’s long-standing tradition, ideal climate for aging whiskey, and limestone-filtered water, which many distillers believe enhances the flavor of the spirit.
For a whiskey to be classified as bourbon, it must meet specific legal requirements outlined by the U.S. Federal Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits. First and foremost, the grain mixture, or mash bill, must consist of at least 51% corn. This high corn content gives bourbon its distinctive sweet flavor profile. The remaining portion of the mash bill typically includes grains such as barley, rye, or wheat. Additionally, bourbon must be distilled to no more than 160 proof and entered into the barrel for aging at no more than 125 proof.
Another key requirement is that bourbon must be aged in new, charred oak barrels. These barrels impart much of the flavor, color, and character to the spirit. While there is no minimum aging period for bourbon, to be labeled “straight bourbon,” it must be aged for at least two years. However, most bourbons are aged for four years or more to develop more complex flavors. Importantly, no additives like flavoring or coloring can be used in bourbon, which must derive all of its characteristics from the aging process.
Finally, bourbon must be made in the United States, but again, it is not limited to Kentucky. States like Tennessee, Indiana, and even Texas are becoming known for producing high-quality bourbons. However, Kentucky’s deep-rooted tradition, climate, and natural resources continue to make it the epicenter of bourbon production. Despite this, it is the strict adherence to the production process, rather than the geographic location, that defines bourbon.
